PREPARING FOR THE 2016 BAR EXAMINATIONS

“Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight battles with no danger of defeat.”  – Sun Tzu, The Art of War

Preparing for the 2016 Bar Examination requires that bar reviewees should be cognizant of the recent trends and developments in the bar examination, to wit:  

1. The restoration of the essay question’s lead role and the phase-out of MCQs.

2. Importance of a logic-driven or argument-driven approach to bar preparation.

3. Use of issue-spotter and remedy-focused questions.

4. Advancing the cut-off date for laws and jurisprudence to 31 March of the current bar-exam year.

5. Increasing time-pressure on the examinees.

6. Greater emphasis on international law and financial law, in the light of globalization and ASEAN integration. 

Restoration of essay question’s lead role in bar exam and phase-out of MCQs

The 2013 bar examination was notable for the revival of the essay question’s preeminent role.  The examination comprised 80% essay questions and 20% multiple-choice questions (MCQs).  This was a turn-around from the 2012 bar exam’s format of 60% MCQs and 40% essay questions and the 2011 bar where the use of problem-type essay questions was entirely discontinued in favor of MCQs and performance tests.   

The lead role of the essay question was further entrenched in the 2014 bar examination.  For instance in Remedial Law, there were only 8 MCQs having a weight of 1% each or a total weight of only 8%.  This allocation was substantially the same in the other bar subjects.  In the 2015 bar examination, the use of MCQs was discontinued altogether.  

Importance of a logic-driven or argument-driven approach to bar preparation

The restoration of the essay question’s leading role and the jettisoning of the MCQs is a clear indication of the importance given by the High Tribunal to testing the examinee’s ability to think and argue like a lawyer.    

In December 2012, the Supreme Court issued Bar Bulletin No. 1 for the guidance of the bar reviewees.  The bulletin enumerates the basic elements of problem-solving or what we may call as competencies that the examiners shall particularly look for:

1.    Proper understanding and appreciation of the facts, particularly of the components or details that can be material in resolving the given problem.

2.    Appreciation of the applicable law or laws that may come into play.

3.    Recognition of the issue or issues posed.

4.    Resolution of the issues through the analysis and application of the law to the given facts.

The bulletin states that the examinee’s presentation and articulation of his or her answer shall also be given weight.  The guidelines for the 2013 to 2015 bars provide “that in a 5-point essay exam, the examiner can give credit even if the answer is not exactly correct but the answer is well-written and logical.” 

These statements in the bulletins and guidelines indicate that the examination will be argument-driven or logic-driven rather than conclusion-driven.   This information is important since most law students have been taught in law school to be conclusion-driven rather than argument-driven and little if any time has been devoted to the proper presentation and articulation of one’s answers.     The examinee thus has to be trained in presenting his answer in such a way as to display to the examiner his familiarity with the basic elements of problem-solving. 

Issue-spotting and issue-responsiveness

One of the competencies the examiners are looking out for is the “recognition of the issue or issues posed.” Issue-recognition is a core competency which may be developed by a rigorous mock-bar and coaching program.

The bar examinee must be trained to distinguish between the call and the core issue of a bar exam question.   Likewise the examinee must also be trained to identify underlying or subsidiary issues.

There may be occasions when a question would propound two or more core issues.   The bar examinee must be able to identify and respond to all core issues presented by the question. Issue-spotting is an important skill. A bar examinee must be responsive not only to the call but to the core or subsidiary issues of the problem.

Subquestion No. 1(a) in the 2015 remedial law bar examination illustrates the different types of issues that will confront a bar examinee:

I. Lender extended to Borrower a P100,000.00 loan covered by a promissory note. Later, Borrower obtained another P100,000.00 loan again covered by a promissory note. Still later, Borrower obtained a P300,000.00 loan secured by a real estate mortgage on his land valued at P500,000.00. Borrower defaulted on his payments when the loans matured. Despite demand to pay the P500,000.00 loan, Borrower refused to pay. Lender, applying the totality rule, filed against Borrower with the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Manila, a collection suit for P500,000.00.

a.) Did Lender correctly apply the totality rule and the rule on joinder of causes of action?

The call of subquestion 1(a) is an illustration of a call which is at the same time the legal issue:  Did the Lender correctly apply the totality rule and the rule on joinder of causes of action?   Otherwise put, the legal issue is immediately presented by the call to the examinee.    The call gives a strong hint to the examinee that the applicable rule is Section 5, Rule 2 of the Rules of Court, particularly the totality rule under Section 5(a).  

A reflexive answer on the part of the examinee would be to invoke Section 5(a) of Rule 2 and this answer would get adequate points.   However note that the problem mentions that the third, P300,000 loan was secured by a real estate mortgage.   This raises the subsidiary issue of whether joinder of causes of action would be proper in the light of Section 5(b) of Rule 2 which provides that “[t]he joinder shall not include special civil actions” and of Rule 68 which classifies foreclosure of a real estate mortgage as a special civil action.

Hence an answer which would impress the examiner by showing the examinee’s aptitude to identify issues would cite not only Section 5(a) but also Section 5(b) of Rule 2 and discuss their applicability or non-applicability as the case may be.  The examinee should discuss that  Section 5(b) is not applicable because the remedy availed of by the creditor was not foreclosure but specific performance.   This answer would enable the examinee to obtain the maximum points from the question.   It also has a strong psychological impact on the examiner by showing the examinee’s lawyer-like ability to spot issues.         

Let us look  at subquestion 1(a) of the 2015 remedial law bar exam:

I. Lender extended to Borrower a P100,000.00 loan covered by a promissory note. Later, Borrower obtained another P100,000.00 loan again covered by a promissory note. Still later, Borrower obtained a P300,000.00 loan secured by a real estate mortgage on his land valued at P500,000.00. Borrower defaulted on his payments when the loans matured. Despite demand to pay the P500,000.00 loan, Borrower refused to pay. Lender, applying the totality rule, filed against Borrower with the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Manila, a collection suit for P500,000.00.

a.) xxx

At the trial, Borrower’s lawyer, while cross-examining Lender, successfully elicited an admission from the latter that the two promissory notes have been paid.  Thereafter, Borrower’s lawyer filed a motion to dismiss the case on the ground that as proven only P300,000.00 was the amount due to Lender and which claim is within the exclusive original jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Trial Court. He further argued that lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter can be raised at any stage of the proceedings.

b.) Should the court dismiss the case?

The call of subquestion 1(b) is couched in sweeping terms, that is, it simply asks what action the court should take (dismiss or not dismiss) but does not outright present a legal question or issue unlike the call in subquestion 1(a).   Hence the examinee must determine the legal issue from the fact-setting of the problem.   In such a case, the legal issue is termed as a core issue since it is embedded at the “core” of the question, that is, in the fact-setting.  Subquestion 1(b) is also an example of an “issue spotter” question unlike subquestion 1(a) which is an “issue poser” question.

Looking at the facts of the problem, the examinee would determine that the legal issue presented is as follows: what determines subject-matter jurisdiction? The allegations of the complaint or the facts substantiated during the trial?   The examinee would then know that the applicable rule is the jurisprudence that a court’s subject-matter jurisdiction is determined by the amount claimed as alleged in the complaint and not the amount substantiated during the trial. (Dionisio v. Sioson Puerto, 60 SCRA 471, 477 [1994]).

Again the examinee must be trained not to give a knee-jerk answer which would only discuss the Dionisio ruling.  Note that Borrower’s lawyer had argued that lack of subject-matter jurisdiction can be raised at any stage of the proceedings.   This argument must be traversed by the examinee.   Many examinees would just cite the Dionisio rule without tackling the argument of Borrower’s lawyer.            

Subquestion No. 4(a) of the 2015 remedial law bar reads as follows:

IV. Strauss filed a complaint against Wagner for cancellation of title. Wagner moved to dismiss the complaint because Grieg, to whom he mortgaged the property as duly annotated in the TCT, was not impleaded as defendant.

a.) Should the complaint be dismissed?

The call of subquestion 4(a) also does not present an immediate legal issue.  The perusal of the fact-pattern would reveal however the following core issue:  Is Grieg an indispensable party and if he is, may the complaint may be dismissed on the ground of non-joinder of an indispensable party?  The core issue would then be connected with the rule that non-joinder of an indispensable party is not a ground of a motion to dismiss. (Vesagas v. Court of Appeals, 371 SCRA 508 [2001]).   

Process or remedy-focused questions

In the 2013 bar, open-ended questions, which asked the examinee to give the appropriate legal steps, process, or remedy that is available to one of the parties, were widely used.    Examples of such type of questions are questions IV(C) and IV(D) in Remedial Law:

IV(C) Still in another case, this time for illegal possession of dangerous drugs, the prosecution has rested but you saw from the records that the illegal substance allegedly involved has not been identified by any of the prosecution witnesses nor has it been the subject of any stipulation.

Should you now proceed posthaste to the presentation of defense evidence or consider some other remedy? Explain the remedial steps you propose to undertake.  

IV(D) In one other case, an indigent mother seeks assistance for her 14-year old son who has been arrested and detained for malicious mischief. Would an application for bail be the appropriate remedy or is there another remedy available? Justify your chosen remedy and outline the appropriate steps to take.  

Open-ended, practical, and elucidative questions are not new.  They have been used on occasions in previous bar examinations and were the norm in the 1983 bar examination where the examinee was placed in the position of a lawyer acting for or advising a client.   Their extensive use in the 2013 bar examinations indicates an exigent need to train bar reviewees on how to analyze and answer these types of questions.

An example of a remedy-focused question in the 2014 remedial law bar exam is Question No. 20.

Tom Wallis filed with the Regional Trial Court (RTC) a Petition for Declaration of Nullity of his marriage with Debi Wallis on the ground of psychological incapacity of the latter. Before filing the petition, Tom Wallis had told Debi Wallis that he wanted the annulment of their marriage because he was already fed up with her irrational and eccentric behaviour. However, in the petition for declaration of nullity of marriage, the correct residential address of Debi Wallis was deliberately not alleged and instead, the residential address of their married son was stated. Summons was served by substituted service at the address stated in the petition. For failure to file an answer, Debi Wallis was declared in default and Tom Wallis presented evidence ex-parte. The RTC rendered judgment declaring the marriage null and void on the ground of psychological incapacity of Debi Wallis. Three (3) years after the RTC judgment was rendered, Debi Wallis got hold of a copy thereof and wanted to have the RTC judgment reversed and set aside.

If you are the lawyer of Debi Wallis, what judicial remedy or remedies will you take? Discuss and specify the ground or grounds for said remedy or remedies.

While another example of such a question is subquestion 4(b) in the 2015 remedial law bar:

IV. Strauss filed a complaint against Wagner for cancellation of title. Wagner moved to dismiss the complaint because Grieg, to whom he mortgaged the property as duly annotated in the TCT, was not impleaded as defendant.

a.) xxx

b.) If the case should proceed to trial without Grieg being impleaded as a party to the case, what is his remedy to protect his interest?

It cannot be gainsaid that these types of questions are quite challenging for a bar examinee who after all has yet to practice law.   Special attention should therefore be paid to training and coaching the bar candidate to field these types of questions. 

Gradual phase-out of MCQs

The 2015 bar examination was notable for the elimination of the MCQ’s role.   In the 2011 and 2012 bar exams, the MCQ portion was allocated a weight of 60% of the examinee’s grade.   In 2013, however the weight of the MCQ portion was substantially reduced to 20%.    In 2013, the number of MCQs was drastically cut from 100 MCQs in the 2011 and 2012 bar exams to only 10 to 20 MCQs, albeit the number of options was increased to five from four.  In the 2014 bar, only 7-8 MCQs were asked with a total weight of only 7%-8% and the standard four-option MCQ was reverted to.        

The table below illustrates the vicissitudes of the bar exam format from 2010 to 2015.  

Considering that there is no official announcement yet from the Supreme Court, it does not appear that MCQs would be asked in the 2016 bar.   

Importance of jurisprudence and statutory updates

Traditionally the cut-off date for jurisprudence and law to be covered in the bar examination was 30 June of the previous year. The 2013 bar exam proved quite challenging in that the cut-off date was 31 January of the same year. It even became tougher in the 2014 and 2015 bars which provided that 31 March 2014 and 2015, respectively, were the cut-off dates.

In the 2014 remedial law bar exam, Question No. 12 was based on a Supreme Court decision promulgated on 10 February 2014 (Republic v. Olaybar) while Question No. 15 was based on a decision promulgated on 25 March 2014 (People v. Go).

Needless to state these two cases could not have been taken up in law school by the 2014 bar candidates.  Yet it would be foolhardy for the bar reviewee to undertake a case survey during the bar review.    More or less a hundred cases are promulgated by the Supreme Court every month and a bar examinee would not have the time or experience to wade through all these decisions and choose the salient ones.  It is thus imperative to attend a bar review program where seasoned bar reviewers are surveying recent cases and statutes in order to choose those which may form the basis of bar exam questions. 

Importance of mock-bar and coaching program further underscored

The new developments in the bar examination format underscore the need for a training and coaching program that involves not only a series of mock-bar examinations but also one-on-one coaching with a feedback mechanism. The mere taking of practice exams by a reviewee and the giving to him of the answers would be inadequate. The reviewee must have the benefit of feedback from an experienced and competent trainer and this can only be had under a program that provides for one-on-one interaction with a coach. Using a series of specially crafted mock bar exams, the coach would be able to diagnose the weaknesses and strengths of the reviewee and to monitor and guide his progress. 

Individualized coaching is especially important for training the bar reviewee for the essay examination. Since the essay question requires the subjective judgment of the examiner, the examinee must be trained and honed in the proper manner of presenting his answer. Each examinee has his own strengths and weaknesses in approaching and answering essay questions and a “one size fits all” lecture or training session is not the proper approach. The comprehensive training program should especially train the examinee in the basic elements of problem-solving that the examiner is looking out for.

Practice is also very important.  It is absurd to just lecture a bar examinee on bar methods and techniques and then expect the examinee to magically deploy these during the bar examination.  That would be like lecturing a child on how to swim and then throwing him into a ten-foot-deep pool.  The examinee should undergo a series of mock-bar exams where he can get the feel of applying the bar exam tactics and strategies with guidance from his coach. 

The Supreme Court itself recognized the salient role played by mock bars and bar exam coaching.  The guidelines for the 2014 and 2015 Bar recommend thus:

Practice Exams

A good practice for law schools/review classes to observe is to hold practice examination sessions with the Bar candidates, both on the Essay and the MCQ formats. In evaluating these practice exams, attention should be given to both the law and the Bar candidate’s presentation and use of English. In many instances, incorrect English is more serious as a problem than the lack of precise knowledge of law, and has been the cause of high failure rates. [Emphases supplied]

Clearly discernible from the guidelines is the need for someone to evaluate the practice exam.   It is strongly advised that an experienced or certified bar exam coach be the one to undertake the evaluation, taking into account the obvious limitations of self-coaching. 

Fine-tuning of coaching and training to read and answer essay questions

In light of the increased role of issue-spotter questions, Jurists fine-tuned its coaching program to further train the examinees in issue-spotting skills, including the use of fact-pattern recognition, embedded-rule recognition, and other issue-spotting and rule-spotting techniques.   Issue-spotter questions are rarely if ever seldom asked in law school; hence the overwhelming majority of bar examinees have not had the benefit of any training and coaching on how to tackle them.  With this in mind, Jurists has added to its data bank of issue-spotter questions for use in its training and coaching program and undertaken further training of its corps of coaches to respond to the latest changes. 

Jurists has fortified its essay question training program by adding more process and remedy-focused questions to its bank of mock-bar questions and devising the appropriate training modules to help the reviewee tackle these kinds of questions.  Jurists has also further fine-tuned its logical and analytical matrixes to help the bar examinee better confront the increased use of problem-type essay questions.

Time-management training

The great number of questions which an examinee has to tackle in four hours puts emphasis on the need for training on time-management.  Thus simulated tests under the guidance and supervision of certified coaches has become imperative.  The table below illustrates the time-pressure which the bar examinee has to work with.  (Note:  Items refer to question numbers while actual questions include the sub-questions.  Thus an item containing two subquestions is counted as not one but two questions)    

2015 BAR EXAMINATION, AVERAGE TIME NEEDED PER QUESTION

The third column (No. of Actual Questions) would give a better picture of the challenge confronting the examinee.  Let us look at the remedial law bar exam.  At first blush, the number of items, which is 18, would appear to be manageable.   If we count however the subquestions, there would actually be 41 questions all in all.  

The fourth column gives the average time needed per question, obtained by dividing 240 minutes (4 hours) by the number of actual questions.  The average time ranges from a high of 8 minutes and 53 seconds for the political law exam to a low of only 5 minutes and 43 seconds for taxation.  For the critical remedial law exam which makes up 20% of the bar examinee’s grade, he or she has only 5 minutes and 51 seconds on average to answer a question.     

This table is quite useful for a bar exam coach.  Taking into account that 8 minutes and 53 seconds is not a whole lot of time for a single question (let’s not even talk about the 5 minutes and 43 seconds for taxation), the coachee must be trained to “think fast” using fact-pattern recognition and other exam tactics and strategies.  

“Shock and awe” questions asked in 2015 bar

The 2015 Bar has gained notoriety for its trend of asking bar examinees to define some esoteric legal terms or to discuss the history of legal concepts which would challenge even the most avid lexicographers and legal historians. In Political Law, bar examinees were asked to discuss the “evolution” of jus sanguinis under the 1935, 1973, and 1987 Constitutions.  In Labor Law, the word of the day was “equity of the incumbent,” an anachronism whose term of office had long ago expired.  In Civil Law, they were asked to define “depecage.” In Commercial Law, the shock-and-awe word to define was “Jason Clause.”  One cannot discount the posing of “shock and awe” questions in the bar exam.  The bar reviewee must also be trained on how to react and to answer such kinds of questions.   

Objective-type questions

While the great majority of the questions in the 2015 bar were problem-type essay questions, there was a liberal sprinkling of objective-type questions, which call for distinctions, definitions, and enumerations, as well as questions which ask for discussions or explanations.  The bar examinee thus has to prepare and train for these types of questions.   See for instance question no. 3 of the mercantile law bar exam:

                                                       III.

A. Discuss the three-fold character of a bill of lading. (3%)

B. What is a “Jason clause” in a charter party? (2%)

C. Are common carriers liable for injuries to passengers even if they have observed ordinary diligence and care? Explain. (2%)

Questions on International and Transnational Law

In the light of the increasing globalization and borderless nature of law, a growing emphasis on international and transnational law has been noticed in the bar examinations.  In the 2015 political law exam, a problem-type question involving UNCLOS and another one asking for the definition of terms used in UNCLOS were asked.   In the 2015 mercantile law exam, there were several questions involving banking, securities, intellectual property, and investment laws.   These laws are becoming more important because of the ASEAN economic integration.   Previously, bar review lecturers and even some law professors had treated these special laws as “fringe” laws which were rarely asked in the bar and merited only a brief and cursory discussion.     

Utmost preparation and training

As of the writing of this article (1 January 2016), the Supreme Court has not yet released the relevant bulletins or resolutions regarding the format of the bar exam.   Jurists however has been proactive in its bar review and coaching program, fine-tuning and strengthening the same in order to respond to whatever format may be adopted by the Supreme Court, rather than just taking a passive stance of waiting first for the SC’s announcements and only then reacting.  

With the substantial use of issue-spotter questions and process and remedy-focused questions, there is a felt need for a bar review program which would properly train the reviewee, taking into account that these types of questions are not widely used in law schools.  A traditional bar review program based exclusively or heavily on lectures and passive study without any or scant training and mechanism for feedback would ill prepare the examinee for the argument-driven and competencies-based bar exams and could lead to the bitter agony of defeat.  On the other hand the examinee who backstops a rigorous study regime with a tested mock-bar and coaching program would significantly boost his chances of savouring the thrill of victory when he is granted leave by the High Court en banc to take the lawyer’s oath and to inscribe his or her name in the hallowed roll of attorneys.

-oOo-

January 2016

JURISTS ONLINE BAR REVIEW & COACHING PROGRAM NOW ON ITS SECOND YEAR

Jurists Bar Review Center, in response to popular demand from law graduates and bar reviewees,  launched in 2014 the Jurists  Online Bar  Review and Coaching Program(Jurists Online) as an alternative to its traditional or classic bar review and coaching program.  Jurists Online was accorded a warm reception by bar reviewees and law students  and  its  maiden season  was  a  rousing  success.  Jurists  Online  gives  the subscriber access to the following:

• Latest 2015 lectures (no recycled lectures) viewable 24/7 via on-demand videos.
• Handouts and materials on printable digital form.
• Primer on bar exam essay and MCQ tactics and strategies.
• Mock-bar exams and answers thereto.
• Written feedback and one-on-one coaching on each mock-bar exam from Jurists’ experienced and certified coaches.
• Performance-monitoring and testmanship evaluation by the coaching staff to leverage the reviewee’s strengths and to eliminate his weaknesses.

Jurists pioneered bar exam coaching in the Philippines in 2005 and has elevated the same to a science.  Its experienced bar exam coaches, personally trained and certified by head coach Prof. Manuel Riguera, have developed the skills and the intuitive feel necessary for proper and effective bar exam coaching.  In particular, the coaching staff has acquired substantial experience and expertise in training the examinee to read and analyze fact-based essay questions and MCQs and thereby empower him to out performing the new-fangled bar exams.  A subscriber will therefore feel confident in placing his trust in the Jurists online coaching program. 

Jurists Online is now on its second year and Jurists has further improved and fine-tuned its online bar review and coaching program.  

Don’t  tarry! Sign-up now with Jurists Online!  Enrollment is on a limited basis so as to preserve an ideal coach-reviewee ratio.

JURISTS ONLINE BAR REVIEW & COACHING PROGRAM NOW ON ITS SECOND YEAR

Jurists Bar Review Center, in response to popular demand from law graduates and bar reviewees,  launched in 2014 the Jurists  Online Bar  Review and Coaching Program(Jurists Online) as an alternative to its traditional or classic bar review and coaching program.  Jurists Online was accorded a warm reception by bar reviewees and law students  and  its  maiden season  was  a  rousing  success.  Jurists  Online  gives  the subscriber access to the following:

• Latest 2015 lectures (no recycled lectures) viewable 24/7 via on-demand videos.
• Handouts and materials on printable digital form.
• Primer on bar exam essay and MCQ tactics and strategies.
• Mock-bar exams and answers thereto.
• Written feedback and one-on-one coaching on each mock-bar exam from Jurists’ experienced and certified coaches.
• Performance-monitoring and testmanship evaluation by the coaching staff to leverage the reviewee’s strengths and to eliminate his weaknesses.

Jurists pioneered bar exam coaching in the Philippines in 2005 and has elevated the same to a science.  Its experienced bar exam coaches, personally trained and certified by head coach Prof. Manuel Riguera, have developed the skills and the intuitive feel necessary for proper and effective bar exam coaching.  In particular, the coaching staff has acquired substantial experience and expertise in training the examinee to read and analyze fact-based essay questions and MCQs and thereby empower him to out performing the new-fangled bar exams.  A subscriber will therefore feel confident in placing his trust in the Jurists online coaching program. 

Jurists Online is now on its second year and Jurists has further improved and fine-tuned its online bar review and coaching program.  

Don’t  tarry! Sign-up now with Jurists Online!  Enrollment is on a limited basis so as to preserve an ideal coach-reviewee ratio.

JURISTS LAUNCHES 2014 ONLINE BAR REVIEW & COACHING PROGRAM

Jurists Bar Review Center, in response to popular demand from law graduates and bar reviewees, has launched the 2014 Jurists Online Bar Review and Coaching Program (Jurists Online) as an alternative to its traditional or classic bar review and coaching program.  The latest 2014 Jurists pre-bar lectures can be viewed 24/7 by subscribers via on-demand video lectures.   In addition Jurists Online gives the subscriber access to the following:

• Handouts and materials on printable digital form.
• Primer on bar exam essay and MCQ tactics and strategies.
• Mock-bar exams and answers thereto.
• Written feedback and one-on-one coaching on each mock-bar exam from Jurists’ experienced and certified coaches.
• Performance-monitoring and testmanship evaluation by the coaching staff to leverage the reviewee’s strengths and to eliminate his weaknesses.

Jurists pioneered bar exam coaching in the Philippines in 2005 and has elevated the same to a science.  Its experienced bar exam coaches, personally trained and certified by head coach Prof. Manuel Riguera, have developed the skills and the intuitive feel necessary for proper and effective bar exam coaching.  In particular, the coaching staff has acquired substantial experience and expertise in training the examinee to read and analyze fact-based essay questions and MCQs and thereby empower him to outperform in the new-fangled bar exams.  A subscriber will therefore feel confident in placing his trust in the Jurists online coaching program. 

Don’t tarry!  Sign-up now with Jurists Online!   Enrollment is on a limited basis so as to preserve an ideal coach-reviewee ratio.

PREPARING FOR THE 2015 BAR EXAMINATIONS</a>

“What is past is prologue.”  – Robert Aitken

“Only the paranoid survive.”  – Andrew S. Grove

Restoration of essay question’s lead role in bar exam

The 2013 bar examination was notable for the revival of the essay question’s preeminent role.  The examination comprised 80% essay questions and 20% multiple-choice questions (MCQs).  This was a turn-around from the 2012 bar exam’s format of 60% MCQs and 40% essay questions and the 2011 bar where the use of problem-type essay questions was entirely discontinued in favor of MCQs and performance tests.    

The lead role of the essay question was further entrenched in the 2014 bar examination.  For instance in Remedial Law, there were only 8 MCQs having a weight of 1% each or a total weight of only 8%.  This allocation was substantially the same in the other bar subjects.  

Importance of a logic-driven or argument-driven approach to bar preparation

The restoration of the essay question’s leading role is a clear indication of the importance given by the High Tribunal to testing the examinee’s ability to think and argue like a lawyer.    

In 7 December 2012, the Supreme Court issued Bar Bulletin No. 1 for the guidance of the bar reviewees.  The bulletin states that “[w]hether  MCQ or essay, the questions  shall be based on a given set of facts, presented as briefly but as clearly and completely as possible.”

The bulletin enumerates the basic elements of problem-solving or what we may call as competencies that the examiners shall particularly look for:

1. Proper understanding and appreciation of the facts, particularly of the components or details that can be material in resolving the given problem.
2. Appreciation of the applicable law or laws that may come into play.
3. Recognition of the issue or issues posed.
4. Resolution of the issues through the analysis and application of the law to the given facts.

The bulletin states that the examinee’s presentation and articulation of his or her answer shall also be given weight.  In the Guidelines for the 2014 Bar, the Supreme Court said “that in a 5-point essay exam, the examiner can give credit even if the answer is not exactly correct but the answer is well-written and logical.” 

These statements in the bulletin indicate that the examination will be argument-driven or logic-driven rather than conclusion-driven.   This information is of capital importance since most law students have been taught in law school to be conclusion-driven rather than argument-driven and little if any time has been devoted to the proper presentation and articulation of one’s answers.    

The examinee thus has to be trained in presenting his answer in such a way as to display to the examiner his familiarity with the basic elements of problem-solving. 

Issue-spotting

Bar Bulletin No. 1 includes as one of the competencies the examiners are looking out for is the “recognition of the issue or issues posed.”  Issue-recognition is a core competency which may be developed by a rigorous mock-bar and coaching program.   Bar Bulletin No. 1 was a harbinger of a shift from the typical issue-poser question to an issue-spotter question.   And indeed issue-spotter questions were liberally used in the 2013 bar examination. 

In this regard, the bar candidate must know the difference between an issue-poser and an issue-spotter.   The difference may be illustrated by giving an example of each. First let us give an example of an issue-spotter question.

Q         Jose filed a petition for declaration of nullity of his marriage to Maria.  During the trial, the lawyer of Jose offered Jose’s testimony on the contents of a psychiatrist’s report which made a finding that Maria was suffering from nymphomania and which report was in the hands of Jose.   

            a)  If you were the lawyer for Maria, what objections if any can you raise to the offer of Jose’s testimony?  Explain.

            b)  If you were the lawyer for Jose, how would you counter the objections of Maria?  Explain.

            c)  If you were the judge, how would you rule on the objections? Explain.

A little difficult isn’t it?  That’s because the issues and the applicable laws were not laid down on a silver platter for the examinee.  It’s the examinee’s job to spot the issues and the applicable laws.  The examinee is also asked to argue for both sides, a common feature of American bar exam questions.

Using the same factual setting, the above question can be modified to an issue-poser question as follows:

Q         Jose filed a petition for declaration of nullity of his marriage to Maria.  During the trial, the lawyer of Jose offered Jose’s testimony on the contents of a psychiatrist’s report which made a finding that Maria was suffering from nymphomania and which report was in the hands of Jose.  Maria’s lawyer objected on the ground that the testimony would violate the physician-patient privilege.

If you were the judge, how would you rule on the objection?  Explain.    

The above essay question is less difficult to answer than the preceding one.  This is because a narrow issue has been explicitly stated in the problem: Would the husband’s testimony on the contents of the psychiatric report violate the physician-patient privilege?  Knowing the issue, the examinee would find it comparatively easy to determine the applicable law, i.e., Section 24(c), Rule 130 of the Rules of Court regarding the physician-patient privilege.

On the other hand, in the issue-spotter question, the examinee has to spot the three issues involved:

a)    Would the husband’s testimony violate the marital disqualification rule?

b)    Would the husband’s testimony violate the physician-patient privilege?

c)    Would the husband’s testimony violate the hearsay rule?

Spotting these three issues is not easy if one has not been trained to do so.  Issue-spotting is not a matter of good luck.   There is a science to issue-spotting.  Knowledge of issue-spotting techniques and training exercises to develop proficiency in using these techniques would be of immense help.

An example of an issue-poser question in the 2014 bar is Question No. 24.

Solomon and Faith got married in 2005. In 2010, Solomon contracted a second marriage with Hope. When Faith found out about the second marriage of Solomon and Hope, she filed a criminal case for bigamy before the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Manila sometime in 2011.

Meanwhile, Solomon filed a petition for declaration of nullity of his first marriage with Faith in 2012, while the case for bigamy before the RTC of Manila is ongoing. Subsequently, Solomon filed a motion to suspend the proceedings in the bigamy case on the ground of prejudicial question. He asserts that the proceedings in the criminal case should be suspended because if his first marriage with Faith will be declared null and void, it will have the effect of exculpating him from the crime of bigamy. Decide.

The bar question presents the narrow issue of whether the petition for declaration of nullity of marriage presents a prejudicial question in the criminal case for bigamy.  

Process or remedy-focused questions

A clear trend in the 2013 bar examination was the liberal use of open-ended questions which asked the examinee to give the appropriate legal steps,  process,  or remedy that is available to one of the parties.    Examples of such type of questions are questions IV(C) and IV(D) in Remedial Law:

IV(C) Still in another case, this time for illegal possession of

dangerous drugs, the prosecution has rested but you saw from the records

that the illegal substance allegedly involved has not been identified by any

of the prosecution witnesses nor has it been the subject of any stipulation.

Should you now proceed posthaste to the presentation of defense

evidence or consider some other remedy? Explain the remedial steps you

propose to undertake.  

IV(D) In one other case, an indigent mother seeks assistance for her

14-year old son who has been arrested and detained for malicious mischief.

Would an application for bail be the appropriate remedy or is there

another remedy available? Justify your chosen remedy and outline the

appropriate steps to take.  

Open-ended, practical, and elucidative questions are not new.  They have been used on occasions in previous bar examinations and were the norm in the 1983 bar examination where the examinee was placed in the position of a lawyer acting for or advising a client.   Their liberal use in the 2013 bar examinations indicates an exigent need to train bar reviewees on how to analyze and answer these types of questions.

An example of a remedy-focused question in the 2014 bar exam is Question No. 20.

Tom Wallis filed with the Regional Trial Court (RTC) a Petition for Declaration of Nullity of his marriage with Debi Wallis on the ground of psychological incapacity of the latter. Before filing the petition, Tom Wallis had told Debi Wallis that he wanted the annulment of their marriage because he was already fed up with her irrational and eccentric behaviour. However, in the petition for declaration of nullity of marriage, the correct residential address of Debi Wallis was deliberately not alleged and instead, the residential address of their married son was stated. Summons was served by substituted service at the address stated in the petition. For failure to file an answer, Debi Wallis was declared in default and Tom Wallis presented evidence ex-parte. The RTC rendered judgment declaring the marriage null and void on the ground of psychological incapacity of Debi Wallis. Three (3) years after the RTC judgment was rendered, Debi Wallis got hold of a copy thereof and wanted to have the RTC judgment reversed and set aside.

If you are the lawyer of Debi Wallis, what judicial remedy or remedies will you take? Discuss and specify the ground or grounds for said remedy or remedies.

It cannot be gainsaid that these types of questions are quite challenging for a bar examinee who after all has yet to practice law.   Special attention should therefore be paid to training and coaching the bar candidate to field these types of questions. 

Know-and-recall MCQs continue to dominate MCQ portion

The 2013 bar examination was notable for the reduction of the MCQ’s role.   In 2011 and in 2012, the MCQ portion was allocated a weight of 60% of the examinee’s grade.   In 2013, however the weight of the MCQ portion was substantially reduced to 20%.    In 2013, the number of MCQs was drastically cut from 100 MCQs in the 2011 and 2012 bar exams to only 10 to 20 MCQs, albeit the number of options was increased to five from four.  In the 2014 bar, only 7-8 MCQs were asked with a total weight of only 7%-8%[1] and the standard four-option MCQ was reverted to.        

Bar Bulletin No. 1 for the 2013 bar exam stated that “[w]hether  MCQ or essay, the questions  shall be based on a given set of facts, presented as briefly but as clearly and completely as possible.”   This clearly implied that problem-type  or analyze-and-solve MCQs would be solely used.  As it turned out, objective-type MCQs were still widely used for the 2013 and 2014 bar exams just as they had been in the 2011 and 2012 bar exams.  For instance in the 2014 Remedial Law bar exam, out of the 8 MCQs, 5 were objective-type or know-and-recall MCQs.   There were only 2 problem-type or read-and-analyze MCQs and one read-and-understand MCQ.      

The table below illustrates the vicissitudes of the bar exam format from 2011 to 2014.  

Based on the trend of the past bar exams, we can predict with some confidence that the nominal role of MCQs in the bar will continue and that most of the MCQs will be know-and-recall ones, with a sprinkling of analyze-and-solve and read-and-understand MCQs.

Importance of jurisprudence and statutory updates

The 2013 bar exam proved quite challenging in that the cut-off for Supreme Court decisions covered by the bar exam was up to 31 January 2013 of the current year. Traditionally the cut-off for jurisprudence and law to be covered was 30 June of the preceding year. It even became tougher in the 2014 bar which provided that 31 March 2014 was the cut-off for laws and jurisprudence covered by the 2014 Bar Examinations.

And the Supreme Court meant what it said.  For instance in the 2014 Remedial Law bar exam, Question No. 12 was based on a Supreme Court decision promulgated on 10 February 2014 (Republic v. Olaybar) while Question No. 15 was based on a Supreme Court decision promulgated on 25 March 2014 (People v. Go).

Needless to state these two cases could not have been taken up in law school by the 2014 bar candidates.  Yet it would be foolhardy for the bar reviewee to undertake a case survey during the bar review.    More or less a hundred cases are promulgated by the Supreme Court every month and a bar examinee would not have the time or experience to wade through all these decisions and choose the salient ones.  It is thus imperative to attend a bar review program where seasoned bar reviewers are surveying recent cases and statutes in order to choose those which may form the basis of bar exam questions. 

Importance of mock-bar and coaching program further underscored

The new developments in the bar examination format underscore the need for a training and coaching program that involves not only a series of mock-bar examinations but also one-on-one coaching with a feedback mechanism. The mere taking of practice exams by a reviewee and the giving to him of the answers would be inadequate. The reviewee must have the benefit of feedback from an experienced and competent trainer and this can only be had under a program that provides for one-on-one interaction with a coach. Using a series of specially crafted mock bar exams, the coach would be able to diagnose the weaknesses and strengths of the reviewee and to monitor and guide his progress. 

Individualized coaching is especially important for training the bar reviewee for the essay examination. Since the essay question requires the subjective judgment of the examiner, the examinee must be trained and honed in the proper manner of presenting his answer. Each examinee has his own strengths and weaknesses in approaching and answering essay questions and a “one size fits all” lecture or training session is not the proper approach. The comprehensive training program should especially train the examinee in the basic elements of problem-solving that the examiner is looking out for.

Practice is also very important.  It is absurd to just lecture a bar examinee on bar methods and techniques and then expect the examinee to magically deploy these during the bar examination.  That would be like lecturing a child on how to swim and then throwing him into a ten-foot-deep pool.  The examinee should undergo a series of mock-bar exams where he can get the feel of applying the essay and MCQ tactics and strategies with guidance from his coach. 

The Supreme Court itself recognized the salient role played by mock bars and bar exam coaching.  The Guidelines for the 2014 Bar recommend thus:

Practice Exams

A good practice for law schools/review classes to observe is to hold practice examination sessions with the Bar candidates, both on the Essay and the MCQ formats. In evaluating these practice exams, attention should be given to both the law and the Bar candidate’s presentation and use of English. In many instances, incorrect English is more serious as a problem than the lack of precise knowledge of law, and has been the cause of high failure rates. [Emphases supplied]

Clearly discernible from the Guidelines is the need for someone to evaluate the practice exam.   It is strongly advised that an experienced or certified bar exam coach be the one to undertake the evaluation, taking into account the obvious limitations of self-coaching. 

Fine-tuning of coaching and training to read and answer essay questions

In light of the increased role of issue-spotter questions, Jurists fine-tuned its coaching program to further train the examinees in issue-spotting skills, including the use of fact-pattern recognition, embedded-rule recognition, and other issue-spotting and rule-spotting techniques.   Issue-spotter questions are rarely if ever seldom asked in law school; hence the overwhelming majority of bar examinees have not had the benefit of any training and coaching on how to face them.  With this in mind, Jurists has added to its data bank of issue-spotter questions for use in its training and coaching program and undertaken further training of its corps of coaches to respond to the latest changes. 

Jurists has fortified its essay question training program by adding more process and remedy-focused questions to its bank of mock-bar questions and devising the appropriate training modules to help the reviewee tackle these kinds of questions.  Jurists has also further fine-tuned its logical and analytical matrixes to help the bar examinee better confront the increased use of problem-type essay questions.

The sheer number of questions (about 20 essay questions and 8 MCQs) which an examinee has to tackle in four hours puts emphasis on the need for training on time-management and thus simulated tests under the guidance and supervision of certified coaches has become imperative.        

Reinforcing the MCQ training program

From a high of 60% in the 2011 and 2012 bars, the MCQ’s weight has been cut down to a trifling 7%-8% in the last bar. While some reports indicate the discontinuance of the use of MCQs, Jurists still made the appropriate changes and fine-tuning of its MCQ training program to prepare the reviewee just in case MCQs would still be used in the 2015 bar.  Jurists has been at the forefront in the development and use of MCQ tactics and strategies which empowered its reviewees to shine in the MCQ portion.  

Utmost preparation and training

As of the writing of this article (April 2015), the Supreme Court has not yet released the relevant bulletins or resolutions regarding the format of the bar exam.   Jurists however has been proactive in its bar review and coaching program, fine-tuning and strengthening the same in order to respond to whatever format may be adopted by the Supreme Court, rather than just taking a passive stance of waiting first for the SC’s announcements and only then reacting.  

With the substantial use of issue-spotter questions and process and remedy-focused questions, there is a felt need for a bar review program which would properly train the reviewee, taking into account that these types of questions are not widely used in law schools.  A traditional bar review program based exclusively or heavily on lectures and passive study without any or scant training and mechanism for feedback would ill prepare the examinee for the argument-driven and competencies-based bar exams and could lead to the bitter agony of defeat.  On the other hand the examinee who backstops a rigorous study regime with a tested mock-bar and coaching program would significantly boost his chances of savouring the thrill of victory when he is granted leave by the High Court en banc to take the lawyer’s oath and to inscribe his or her name in the hallowed roll of attorneys.

-oOo-

April 2015

UNLI BAR

Lifting of the 5-strike rule now official but some questions remain

  Prof. Manuel R. Riguera

On 3 September 2013 the Supreme Court en banc issued a resolution adopting the recommendation of the Committee on Continuing Legal Education and Bar Matters to lift the 5-strike rule.  The resolution provides that the Legal Education Board (LEB) shall prepare a refresher review class curriculum and accredit law schools which would be authorized to give refresher classes.  Just this January 13, the LEB issued an order ratifying its provisional rules on refresher review curriculum and accreditation.

History of the 5-strike rule

The 5-strike rule was laid down by the Supreme Court in Bar Matter No. 1161 issued on 8 June 2004.  Under the 5-strike rule, a bar candidate shall be disqualified after failing thrice; provided that the candidate may take a fourth or fifth examination if he successfully completes a one-year refresher course for each examination.  The 5-strike rule was first implemented in the 2005 bar examinations, although those who have reached or exceeded 5 takes as of 2004 would be allowed to take the bar one more time upon completion of a one-year refresher course.  Prior to 5-strike rule, there was no limit to the number of times a candidate could take the bar.

3 September 2013 Resolution 

As early as 2011, there were unofficial reports that the 5-strike rule would be suspended or even lifted outright. These reports gave hope to those who had struck out five times, with some even enrolling in refresher classes in anticipation of the rule’s abandonment.  On 3 September 2013 the Supreme Court en banc issued its much awaited resolution lifting the 5-strike rule.   The resolution reads as follows:

B.M. No. 1161 (Re:  Proposed Reforms in the Bar Examinations). – – The Court resolved, upon the recommendation of the Committee on Continuing Legal Education and Bar Matters, to LIFT the five-strike rule on bar repeaters, provided that the candidates have enrolled in and passed in regular fourth year review classes as well as attended a pre-bar review course every time they take the Bar Examinations after failing for the third time, under a curriculum prepared by the Legal Education Board (LEB), and in law schools accredited by it for that purpose.  This rule shall take effect beginning with the 2014 Bar Examinations. 

The resolution provides that the refresher candidates shall attend fourth year review classes under a curriculum prepared by the LEB and in law schools accredited by the LEB for the purpose.   Hence the passage by the LEB of the appropriate rules was required for the implementation of the resolution.

8 October 2013 letter of LEB Chairman and SC’s response

In reaction to the SC resolution, LEB Chairman Hilarion L. Aquino wrote the SC a letter informing it that the LEB could not yet officially act on the matter regarding the curriculum and accreditation for lack of quorum, since of the 7 LEB members, only two were incumbent:  the chairman himself and the CHED chairperson as ex officio member.  

Responding to Chairman Aquino’s letter, the SC Committee on Continuing Legal Education and Bar Matters expressed its view that the LEB Chairman may, in order not to adversely prejudice those individuals who are qualified to take the bar, prepare the required curriculum and the rules for the accreditation of law schools that may accept refresher course enrollees, subject to confirmation of the LEB as soon as it can constitute a quorum.  

Provisional Rules 

Accordingly, Chairman Aquino and board member Justin D.J. Sucgang (law student representative) issued the “Provisional Rules Re: Curriculum of the Refresher Review Class and the Law Schools Accredited to Offer it” dated 4 December 2013.   

Refresher Review Class Curriculum

Under the Provisional Rules, the refresher review class curriculum is composed of the following subjects with their corresponding units:                                 

The fourth year review based on the old curriculum was as follows:

Under the old curriculum, Remedial Law Review was a single 5-unit review subject  while under the new refresher review curriculum, Remedial Law Review was divided into two subjects, with Remedial Law Review I a 3-unit subject and Remedial Law Review II a 4-unit subject.

Accreditation

The Provisional Rules also adopted the following criteria in the accreditation of law schools authorized to conduct refresher review classes. 

8.1  The law school must have participated in the 2010, 2011, and 2012 Bar Examinations with not less than 10 bar reviewees in every bar examination. 

8.2  At no time in the past bar examinations has a law school gotten a zero score. 

8.3  The law school was never given a Warning to improve the quality of its law instruction nor imposed a sanction by the LEB. 

The above standards were quite strict such that the LEB in the Provisional Rules could come up with a list of only 60 law schools that were accredited and granted authority to conduct refresher review classes.  

Ratification of the Provisional Rules with modification on accreditation criteria

On 13 January 2014, three members of the LEB (Chairman Aquino, Sucgang, and Carmelita P. Yadao-Sison for the CHED Chairperson), constituting a quorum, issued an order ratifying the Provisional Rules subject to the amendment of Paragraph 8 on accreditation by deleting subparagraphs 8.2 and 8.3 and replacing them with a new paragraph 8.2.  Thus the amended Paragraph 8 on accreditation now reads as follows: 

8.1 The law school must have participated in the 2010, 2011, and 2012 Bar Examinations with not less than 10 bar reviewees in every bar examination. 

8.2  The law school has never been administratively sanctioned by the LEB. 

With the ratification by the LEB of its Provisional Rules, the SC Resolution of 3 September 2013 became fully effective. 

Coverage of 3 September 2013 Resolution

Who are the retakers covered by the 3 September 2013 Resolution?  Does it apply to all candidates who will be retaking the bar for the 4^th time  or more?  Or does it apply only to those taking the bar for the 6^th time or more?    The writer believes that the resolution should apply only to the latter.   For the 4^th or 5th retakers, it is believed that the old 4^th year review class curriculum applies without any additional accreditation requirement.  Of course with the abolition of the old 4^th year review curriculum in SY 2015-2016, there would no longer be any need to distinguish between the two groups of retakers.

The Refresher Review Class Curriculum

The refresher review class curriculum is evidently based on the LEB Model Law Curriculum.  There appears to be two matters however which the LEB may have overlooked when it drafted the Provisional Rules.    First, the LEB had amended the model law curriculum by deleting one unit each from Civil Law Review II and Remedial Law Review II.  Hence under the amended Model Law Curriculum, both Civil Law Review II and Remedial Law Review II are only 3-unit and not 4-unit subjects. 

Second.  The LEB Model Law Curriculum was first implemented in school year 2012-2013.   Thus the 4^th year model law curriculum class would be held for the first time only in SY 2015-2016; the present 4^th year review classes would still be under the old curriculum.  

Suggestions

The Supreme Court should be lauded for lifting the 5-strike rule.   Considering the great difficulty of the bar exams, the fluctuations in the pass rate, and the continual reforms and changes in the exam format, it would be fairer to the candidates if no cap was imposed.   The writer however respectfully makes a few suggestions in order to better effectuate the liberal and compassionate purpose behind the lifting of the 5-strike rule. 

Firstly, it is suggested that the new refresher curriculum be applied beginning only with the 2016 bar exams. This is because the 4^th year LEB model law curriculum will kick in only in SY 2015-2016.   

It is also recommended that Civil Law Review II and Remedial Law Review II in the new refresher curriculum be reduced to 3 units.  This would synchronize the new refresher curriculum with the LEB Model Law Curriculum.

Lastly, it is suggested also that the accreditation of law schools authorized to give refresher law classes be deferred to the 2015 bar.  This would avoid prejudice to those who had enrolled for SY 2013-2014 in anticipation of the lifting of the 5-strike rule for the 2014 bar, only to discover that their law school would not be accredited under the subsequent LEB rules to give refresher courses.    

-oOo- 

All rights reserved January 2014

THE NEW 2012 BAR EXAMINATION FORMAT: ITS IMPACT ON BAR REVIEW AND PREPARATION

Last March 20, Justice Martin S. Villarama Jr., chair of the 2012 Bar Examination Committee, announced to the law deans the new changes approved by the Supreme Court for the 2012 Bar Examination.

The changes had their genesis from an ongoing debate on the format of the bar examination, which was not settled with finality despite the adoption of the combined MCQ and performance-test format in the 2011 Bar.

One side advocates the use of MCQs and performance tests as the new and progressive trend in bar examinations. The other side contends that the essay examination is still the gold standard in measuring the competence of those aspiring to be lawyers. The latest changes appear
to be a compromise between the two views.

The changes

Justice Villarama said that the bar examination will be held in October 2012.Traditionally the bar was held in September. The 2011 Bar however was administered in November in order to give the examinees more time to adjust to the new format.

For the bar examination subjects, except legal ethics, the examination would consist ofan MCQ portion and an essay-exam portion. There will still be a performance test (trial memorandum) on the afternoon of the last Sunday. The MCQ portion would have a weight of 60% while the essay-exam part will have a weight of 40%.2 For political law, civil law, commercial law, and remedial law, the MCQ exam will consist of 100 MCQs to be answered in 2 hours while for labor law, taxation, and criminal law, it would be 75 MCQs in 1½ hours.

The essay examination will follow the MCQ exam and will consist of 10 essay questions (with sub-questions) to be answered in 2 hours for political law, civil law, commercial law, and remedial law, and 1½ hours for labor law, taxation, and criminal.

The legal ethics examination will be held on the afternoon of the last Sunday and will consist of a one-hour, 50-MCQ examination. After the legal ethics exam, the examinee will be given 2½ hours to prepare a trial memorandum on a hypothetical civil or criminal case. Note that the trial memorandum will not be on the subject of legal ethics. 

For greater clarity, the schedule of the examination is tabulated below:

 Impact on bar exam preparation and review

The combined MCQ and essay-question type of bar examination would pose new and additional challenges to the bar examinee. This would require that the examinee be a multi-skilled one, able to analyze and answer both an MCQ and an essay question.

There is one set of skills for reading and answering an MCQ and another for reading and answering an essay question. Yet it should be noted that both the MCQ and the essay question components are to be tackled by the examinee in a single 4-hour or 3- hour examination. In effect the examinee would be tackling four exams (two in the morning and two in the afternoon) in one day. The bar examinations would thus be an arduous test of both cerebral and physical fitness.

MCQ and Essay exam under grinding time pressure 

It is to be noted that the examinee is given only 2 hours to answer 100 MCQs in Political Law, Civil Law, Commercial Law, and Remedial Law; 1½ hours to tackle 75 MCQs in Labor Law, Taxation, and Criminal Law; and 1 hour to answer 50 MCQs in Legal Ethics. Hence on average an examinee has only 1 minute and 12 seconds to answer an MCQ. Compare this with the 1 minute and 48 seconds that an examinee has on average to answer an MCQ in the US Multi-State Bar Exam (MBE).

After having tackled the rigorous MCQ exam, the examinee without any rest will proceed to tackle the essay examination. The essay examination is composed of ten questions, with subquestions. Law students who have taken 2-hour final examinations consisting of 10 questions with subquestions are familiar with their nerve-wracking nature. Note that in Labor Law, Taxation, and Criminal Law, the examinee will have only 1½ hours to answer the 10 essay questions; hence time-wise these will be tougher than the morning subjects. 

Importance of coaching

There is thus a cogent need for a training and coaching program that involves not only a series of mock-bar examinations but also one-on-one coaching with a feedback mechanism. The mere taking of practice exams by a reviewee and the giving to him of the answers would be inadequate. The reviewee must have the benefit of feedback from an experienced and competent trainer and this can only be had under a program that provides for one-on-one and face-to-face interaction with a coach. Using a series of specially crafted mock bar exams, the coach would be able to assess the weaknesses and strengths of the reviewee and to monitor and guide his progress. 

Individualized coaching is especially important for training the bar reviewee for the essay examination. Since the essay question requires the subjective judgment of the examiner, the examinee must be trained and honed in the proper manner of presenting his answer. Each examinee has his own strengths and weaknesses in approaching and answering essay questions and a “one size fits all” lecture or training session is not the proper approach. The comprehensive training program should address the following: analysis of the question, issue-spotting, responsiveness to the question, and the presentation and format of the answer.

Time management is an important aspect of the examinee’s training and coaching. Examinees who have not undergone training on time management may find themselves running out of time to answer all the questions or to finish the trial memorandum.

Jurists in excellent position to respond to the changes, resounding success in 2011 Bar

Jurists Bar Review Center is well placed to adjust to the new 2012 Bar exam format because of its experience and expertise. Jurists already has a proven and tested practice-exam and coaching program in place since 2005 and employed in the 2005 to 2010 bar examinations to produce stellar pass rates. This program was based primarily on training and coaching students to analyze and answer problem-type and essay questions using the renowned Jurists Method.

In the 2011 Bar Examination, Jurists was the only bar review center to implement an intensive mock-bar and one-on-one coaching method for the MCQ and performance test components of the bar. The Jurists program proved to be a resounding success in the 2011 Bar Examination. 193 out of 307 examinees hurdled the 2011 Bar for a pass rate of 62.87%, almost double the national pass rate of 31.95%. For the reviewees who faithfully followed the full training program of 9 mock bars and attendance in the one-on-one coaching sessions, the pass rate was an outstanding 73.16%. Jurists reviewees who made history by passing the inaugural MCQ and performance test bar examination attested to the big part played by the Jurists Program in their success.

Utmost preparation and training

With new and additional changes being implemented again by the Supreme Court, the bar examinee should leave no stone unturned in his preparation for the 2012 bar. With the return of the essay examination, the 2012 bar will be a battle royal from start to finish. Those who have faced essay examinations in the bar know the extreme challenge they pose. Nor should the performance test be taken lightly. In the 2011 bar exam, it was reported that only 15% passed the trial memorandum test. An examinee would greatly enhance his chances of victory if he employs a rigorous study regime backstopped by a tested mock-bar and coaching program which addresses the MCQ, the essay-examination, and the performance-test components of the 2012 bar examination.

JURISTS ONLINE BAR REVIEW & COACHING PROGRAM NOW ON ITS THIRD YEAR, PREWEEK LECTURES NOW AVAILABLE ONLINE!

Jurists Bar Review Center, in response to popular demand from law graduates and bar reviewees, launched in 2014 the Jurists Online Bar Review and Coaching Program (Jurists Online) as an alternative to its traditional (on-site) bar review and coaching program. In line with its continuing efforts to better serve its reviewees, Jurists has now also made available online its complete 2016 preweek lectures.  Jurists Online is on its 3^rd season and gives the online reviewee best value for his or her money by providing access to the following:

• Latest and complete 2016 pre-bar and pre-week lectures (no recycled lectures) viewable 24/7 via on-demand videos. 
• Handouts and materials on printable digital form.
• Primer on bar review & exam tactics and strategies.
• Mock-bar exams and answers thereto.
• Written feedback and one-on-one coaching on each mock-bar exam from Jurists’ experienced and certified coaches.
• Performance-monitoring and testmanship evaluation by the coaching staff to leverage the reviewee’s strengths and to eliminate his weaknesses.

Jurists pioneered bar exam coaching in the Philippines in 2005 and has elevated the same to a science.  Its experienced bar exam coaches, personally trained and certified by head coach Prof. Manuel Riguera, have developed the skills and the intuitive feel necessary for proper and effective bar exam coaching.  In particular, the coaching staff has acquired substantial experience and expertise in training the examinee to read and analyze fact-based essay questions and thereby empower him to outperform in the bar exams.  A subscriber will therefore feel confident in placing his trust in the Jurists online coaching program.  

Jurists Online is now on its third year and Jurists has further improved and fine-tuned its online bar review and coaching program.  

Don’t  tarry! Sign-up now with Jurists Online!  

Enrollment is on a limited basis so as to preserve an ideal coach-reviewee ratio.

JURISTS BAR EXAMINEES ROCK 2017 BAR

Team Jurists rocked the 2017 bar examination with an off-the-charts performance that cemented their place in the annals of bar exam lore. 589 new Jurists lawyers successfully vanquished the bar exam dragon for an impressive institutional pass rate of 60.22% far outstripping the national pass rate of 25.55%.  The 589 new Jurists lawyers represented 34% of the total 1,724 new lawyers who hurdled the 2017 Bar Examination.  

Team Jurists’ tour de force was highlighted by nine Jurists bar candidates placing in the Top 20:

5th  Monica Anne T. Yap 89.45%  (SBC-Mla)                                                     

6th  Lorenzo Luigi T. Gayya  89.10% (UST) 

10th  Emma Ruby J. Aguilar 88.40% (UST) 

11th  Lyan David M. Juanico  88.35% (SBC-Mla) 

12th Lougenia P. Cariño   87.85% (SBC-Mla) 

13th  Arman Joseph M. Guzman  87.75% (UST) 

14th  Jewelle Ann Lou P. Santos  87.65% (AdMU) 

15th  Nadia Christine L. Mendiguarin  87.55% (Saint Louis University) 

16th  Eileen Carla Y. Carpio      87.40% (SBC-Mla)

Hail to the new Jurists lawyers!  Your Jurists Family is so proud of and happy for each and every one of you!

9 JURISTS BAR EXAMINEES LAND IN TOP 20 OF 2017 BAR

Congratulations to the 9 Jurists Bar Examinees who landed in the Top 20 of the 2017 Bar Examination:

5th  Monica Anne T. Yap      89.45%  (SBC-Mla)

6th  Lorenzo Luigi T. Gayya      89.10% (UST)

10th  Emma Ruby J. Aguilar      88.40% (UST)

11th  Lyan David M. Juanico      88.35% (SBC-Mla)

12th Lougenia P. Cariño      87.85% (SBC-Mla)

13th  Arman Joseph M. Guzman      87.75% (UST)

14th  Jewelle Ann Lou P. Santos      87.65% (AdMU)

15th  Nadia Christine L. Mendiguarin      87.55% (Saint Louis University)

16th  Eileen Carla Y. Carpio      87.40% (SBC-Mla)

Your Jurists Family is so proud of you!  Kudos to you panyeros and panyeras!

-oOo-